How Coronavirus attacks the body?
Showing posts with label COVID-19. Show all posts
Showing posts with label COVID-19. Show all posts
Monday, April 6, 2020
Thursday, March 26, 2020
How to Overcome with stress during the Covid-19 outbreak
The better way to stay at home during 2019-nCov lockdown by spending time with family, friends also if get extra time try to brush up your skills.
Talk to Friends, Relatives - It is normal to feel sad, stressed, confused, scared or angry during a crisis.
Talking to people you trust can help. Contact your friends and family. Just call daily choosing from your phone contact list and best way start from alphabet wise first call to name start from A-alphabet and so on.
Eat Healthy Stay Healthy - If you must stay at home, maintain a healthy lifestyle including proper diet, eat veggies, salads, nuts, pulses, take proper eight-hour sleep.
Avoid Alcohol and Smoking - If you're planning to quit drinking and smoking in the past but for some unknown reason you're unable to make a decision but during the lockdown, you can avoid alcohol and smoking and spend quality time with family.
Acquire Skills and spend Hobbies - Draw on skills you have used in the past that have helped you to manage previous life’s adversities and use those skills to help you manage your emotions during
the challenging time of this outbreak.
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| Stay at Home - 2019-Cov |
Talk to Friends, Relatives - It is normal to feel sad, stressed, confused, scared or angry during a crisis.
Talking to people you trust can help. Contact your friends and family. Just call daily choosing from your phone contact list and best way start from alphabet wise first call to name start from A-alphabet and so on.
Eat Healthy Stay Healthy - If you must stay at home, maintain a healthy lifestyle including proper diet, eat veggies, salads, nuts, pulses, take proper eight-hour sleep.
Avoid Alcohol and Smoking - If you're planning to quit drinking and smoking in the past but for some unknown reason you're unable to make a decision but during the lockdown, you can avoid alcohol and smoking and spend quality time with family.
Acquire Skills and spend Hobbies - Draw on skills you have used in the past that have helped you to manage previous life’s adversities and use those skills to help you manage your emotions during
the challenging time of this outbreak.
Tuesday, March 24, 2020
5 Surfaces that Coronavirus (COVID-19) Will Last On
As per the report of National Institutes of Health that on five Surfaces that Coronavirus (COVID-19) will last on for more than one hour.
1. Air (3 hours)
2. Copper (4 hours)
3. Cardboard (24 hours)
4. Stainless Steel (2-3 days)
5. Plastics (3 days)
Coronavirus Covid-19 is a fast-evolving pandemic, On 31 December 2019, the World Health Organization (WHO) office in China received a report of 29 pneumonia cases of unknown aetiology in Wuhan city in Hubei province, central China. Within 1 week it became clear that the initial cases were associated with a seafood market where live poultry and wild animals were also sold. The virus was quickly identified as a novel beta-coronavirus and the genetic sequence was shared on 12 January 2020. The infection is now officially termed COVID-19 and the virus SARS-CoV-2. News of this outbreak gave many public health officials an involuntary shudder as they recalled the parallels with the severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) outbreak that arose in China in November 2002. That outbreak was also caused by a novel coronavirus spilling over from an animal reservoir and transmitted by respiratory droplets. SARS spread to many parts of the world through international air travel, caused more than 8000 cases and 774 deaths and cost in the region US$20 billion to control.
Within less than a month COVID-19 had spread throughout China and to neighbouring countries, even to the USA and Europe. It became clear that the new virus was highly transmissible from person to person but was considerably less virulent, with less than 20% of cases being classified as severe. It has the clinical features of atypical pneumonia with fever, dry cough, fatigue, dyspnoea and myalgia and is more often severe in those with comorbidities and the elderly. Since there are no specific therapies or vaccines available, standard public health measures appropriate for a virus spread by droplets, close contact and on environmental surfaces were instituted. The Chinese authorities conducted active case finding and testing, contact tracing and quarantining of cases and contacts. The public was advised to stay at home if sick, in an effort to control the spread of the virus. On 30 January 2020 the WHO declared the outbreak a public health emergency of international concern, their highest level of severity, at a time when there were almost 10 000 confirmed cases, more than 200 deaths and it had spread to 20 countries.
The Chinese authorities had by then instituted highly stringent control measures, including stopping flights and public transport in Wuhan and other major cities, closing animal wet markets, extending the New Year holiday period in an effort to prevent mass travel, reducing movements within cities, minimizing mass gatherings, keeping schools closed, staggering office and factory working hours and restricting movement on the streets. The wearing of face masks became compulsory and, in effect, the population of Hubei province, more than 50 million people, were in quarantine. The authorities also built two new hospitals with more than 2500 beds within 2 weeks to cope with the surge in demand for medical care.
By the middle of March, less than 3 months into the epidemic, there had been more than 200 000 cases confirmed worldwide with more than 8000 deaths, vastly surpassing the SARS epidemic. The number of cases reported has been highest in China, although cases have now been reported in 159 countries and territories on six continents. Over 70 countries have instituted travel restrictions. The main initial battle to control this epidemic has been in China, where heroic public health measures have bought the rest of the world time and may have reduced the effective reproduction number to close to 1, thereby bringing the epidemic under control. However, the rest of the world needs to maintain high vigilance, as this virus is highly transmissible and can cause severe disease and death, as has been seen in countries such as South Korea, Iran and Italy. Indeed, the number of new cases is now highest in Europe. Containment through case finding and isolation and contact tracing and social distancing remain the key public health approaches to controlling the epidemic in all parts of the world.
Source: Jimmy Whitworth Professor of International Public Health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar
1. Air (3 hours)
2. Copper (4 hours)
3. Cardboard (24 hours)
4. Stainless Steel (2-3 days)
5. Plastics (3 days)
Coronavirus Covid-19 is a fast-evolving pandemic, On 31 December 2019, the World Health Organization (WHO) office in China received a report of 29 pneumonia cases of unknown aetiology in Wuhan city in Hubei province, central China. Within 1 week it became clear that the initial cases were associated with a seafood market where live poultry and wild animals were also sold. The virus was quickly identified as a novel beta-coronavirus and the genetic sequence was shared on 12 January 2020. The infection is now officially termed COVID-19 and the virus SARS-CoV-2. News of this outbreak gave many public health officials an involuntary shudder as they recalled the parallels with the severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) outbreak that arose in China in November 2002. That outbreak was also caused by a novel coronavirus spilling over from an animal reservoir and transmitted by respiratory droplets. SARS spread to many parts of the world through international air travel, caused more than 8000 cases and 774 deaths and cost in the region US$20 billion to control.
Within less than a month COVID-19 had spread throughout China and to neighbouring countries, even to the USA and Europe. It became clear that the new virus was highly transmissible from person to person but was considerably less virulent, with less than 20% of cases being classified as severe. It has the clinical features of atypical pneumonia with fever, dry cough, fatigue, dyspnoea and myalgia and is more often severe in those with comorbidities and the elderly. Since there are no specific therapies or vaccines available, standard public health measures appropriate for a virus spread by droplets, close contact and on environmental surfaces were instituted. The Chinese authorities conducted active case finding and testing, contact tracing and quarantining of cases and contacts. The public was advised to stay at home if sick, in an effort to control the spread of the virus. On 30 January 2020 the WHO declared the outbreak a public health emergency of international concern, their highest level of severity, at a time when there were almost 10 000 confirmed cases, more than 200 deaths and it had spread to 20 countries.
The Chinese authorities had by then instituted highly stringent control measures, including stopping flights and public transport in Wuhan and other major cities, closing animal wet markets, extending the New Year holiday period in an effort to prevent mass travel, reducing movements within cities, minimizing mass gatherings, keeping schools closed, staggering office and factory working hours and restricting movement on the streets. The wearing of face masks became compulsory and, in effect, the population of Hubei province, more than 50 million people, were in quarantine. The authorities also built two new hospitals with more than 2500 beds within 2 weeks to cope with the surge in demand for medical care.
By the middle of March, less than 3 months into the epidemic, there had been more than 200 000 cases confirmed worldwide with more than 8000 deaths, vastly surpassing the SARS epidemic. The number of cases reported has been highest in China, although cases have now been reported in 159 countries and territories on six continents. Over 70 countries have instituted travel restrictions. The main initial battle to control this epidemic has been in China, where heroic public health measures have bought the rest of the world time and may have reduced the effective reproduction number to close to 1, thereby bringing the epidemic under control. However, the rest of the world needs to maintain high vigilance, as this virus is highly transmissible and can cause severe disease and death, as has been seen in countries such as South Korea, Iran and Italy. Indeed, the number of new cases is now highest in Europe. Containment through case finding and isolation and contact tracing and social distancing remain the key public health approaches to controlling the epidemic in all parts of the world.
Source: Jimmy Whitworth Professor of International Public Health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar
Common Coronavirus Diseases (COVID-19) Myths Busted and Get Away with It
As per the WHO report, it is advisable to the common public about how coronavirus harms your body and some of the myth which is viral on the internet that can save you from COVID-19.
1. COVID-19 virus can be transmitted in areas with hot and humid climates - From the evidence so far, the COVID-19 virus can be transmitted in ALL AREAS, including areas with hot and humid weather.
2. Cold weather and snow CANNOT kill the new coronavirus.
3. Taking a hot bath does not prevent the new coronavirus disease.
4. The new coronavirus CANNOT be transmitted through mosquito bites.
5. Even hand dryers are not effective in killing the new coronavirus (COVID-19).
6. The new coronavirus CANNOT be transmitted through mosquito bites.
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| Coronavirus (COVID-19) |
1. COVID-19 virus can be transmitted in areas with hot and humid climates - From the evidence so far, the COVID-19 virus can be transmitted in ALL AREAS, including areas with hot and humid weather.
2. Cold weather and snow CANNOT kill the new coronavirus.
3. Taking a hot bath does not prevent the new coronavirus disease.
4. The new coronavirus CANNOT be transmitted through mosquito bites.
5. Even hand dryers are not effective in killing the new coronavirus (COVID-19).
6. The new coronavirus CANNOT be transmitted through mosquito bites.
Can spraying alcohol or chlorine all over your body kill the new coronavirus?
The myth of spraying alcohol or chlorine all over your body kill the new coronavirus?
As per WHO, No. Spraying alcohol or chlorine all over your body will not kill viruses that have already entered your body. Spraying such substances can be harmful to clothes or mucous membranes (i.e. eyes, mouth). Be aware that both alcohol and chlorine can be useful to disinfect surfaces, but they need to be used under appropriate recommendations.
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| Alcohol |
How to Produce a Hand Sanitizer?
Step by step direction to produce a Hand Sanitizer:
1. Turn all the required ingredients into a clean bowl. A bowl with a pouring spout is most recommended.
2. Mix with a turning stick to blend everything together.
3. Turn the mixture into an airtight bottle or an old sanitizer container, but remember to remove the original label from the container. You can then label it "My home-made hand sanitizer" or ignore labeling it.
A similar formula was also shared by Jagdish Khubchandani, Ph.D of Ball State University.
Find his composition below.
1. Ethanol or isopropyl alcohol (two parts) (91% to 99% alcohol).
2. Aloe vera gel (one part).
3. Clove / eucalyptus / peppermint
essential oil.
1. Turn all the required ingredients into a clean bowl. A bowl with a pouring spout is most recommended.
2. Mix with a turning stick to blend everything together.
3. Turn the mixture into an airtight bottle or an old sanitizer container, but remember to remove the original label from the container. You can then label it "My home-made hand sanitizer" or ignore labeling it.
A similar formula was also shared by Jagdish Khubchandani, Ph.D of Ball State University.
Find his composition below.
1. Ethanol or isopropyl alcohol (two parts) (91% to 99% alcohol).
2. Aloe vera gel (one part).
3. Clove / eucalyptus / peppermint
essential oil.
Ingredients to Prepare a Hand Sanitizer
Essential Ingredients to Prepare a Hand Sanitizer
Making a hand sanitizer at home does not require much, but just a few ingredients that can be sourced locally or online (e.g., Amazon).
The following ingredients can be used to produce a perfect hand sanitizer that can disinfect surfaces and kill most germs.
1. Alcohol (Isopropyl) (up to 99% alcohol volume).
2. Aloe vera gel.
3. Tea tree/lavender essential oil.
4. Lemon.
The minimum amount of alcohol needed to kill most germs is 60%, and this can only be achieved by mixing a 2:1 alcohol to Aloe vera ratio. This ratio would produce an effective, germ-killing sanitizer.
This is a recommendation coming from the Center for Disease Control (CDC). This material follows a standard recommendation by health practitioners on how to go about producing an effective hand sanitizer.
Making a hand sanitizer at home does not require much, but just a few ingredients that can be sourced locally or online (e.g., Amazon).
The following ingredients can be used to produce a perfect hand sanitizer that can disinfect surfaces and kill most germs.
1. Alcohol (Isopropyl) (up to 99% alcohol volume).
2. Aloe vera gel.
3. Tea tree/lavender essential oil.
4. Lemon.
The minimum amount of alcohol needed to kill most germs is 60%, and this can only be achieved by mixing a 2:1 alcohol to Aloe vera ratio. This ratio would produce an effective, germ-killing sanitizer.
This is a recommendation coming from the Center for Disease Control (CDC). This material follows a standard recommendation by health practitioners on how to go about producing an effective hand sanitizer.
Sunday, March 22, 2020
What to Do If You Are Sick With Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19)
What to Do If You Are Sick With Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19)
If you develop a fever and symptoms of respiratory illness, such as cough or shortness of breath, within 14 days after travel from China, you should call ahead to a healthcare professional and mention your recent travel or close contact. If you have had close contact2 with someone showing these symptoms who has recently traveled from this area, you should call ahead to a healthcare professional and mention your close contact and their recent travel. Your healthcare professional will work with your state’s public health department and CDC to determine if you need to be tested for COVID-19.
Steps to help prevent the spread of COVID-19 if you are sick
If you are sick with COVID-19 or suspect you are infected with the virus that causes COVID-19, follow the steps below to help prevent the disease from spreading to people in your home and community.
Stay home except to get medical care:
You should restrict activities outside your home, except for getting medical care. Do not go to work, school, or public areas. Avoid using public transportation, ride-sharing, or taxis.
Separate yourself from other people and animals in your home:
People: As much as possible, you should stay in a specific room and away from other people in your home. Also, you should use a separate bathroom, if available.
Animals: You should restrict contact with pets and other animals while you are sick with COVID-19, just like you would around other people. Although there have not been reports of pets or other animals becoming sick with COVID-19, it is still recommended that people sick with COVID-19 limit contact with animals until more information is known about the virus. When possible, have another member of your household care for your animals while you are sick. If you are sick with COVID-19, avoid contact with your pet, including petting, snuggling, being kissed or licked, and sharing food. If you must care for your pet or be around animals while you are sick, wash your hands before and after you interact with pets and wear a facemask.
Call ahead before visiting your doctor:
If you have a medical appointment, call the healthcare provider and tell them that you have or may have COVID-19. This will help the healthcare provider’s office take steps to keep other people from getting infected or exposed.
Wear a facemask:
You should wear a facemask when you are around other people (e.g., sharing a room or vehicle) or pets and before you enter a healthcare provider’s office. If you are not able to wear a facemask (for example, because it causes trouble breathing), then people who live with you should not stay in the same room with you, or they should wear a facemask if they enter your room.
Cover your coughs and sneezes:
Cover your mouth and nose with a tissue when you cough or sneeze. Throw used tissues in a lined trash can; immediately wash your hands with soap and water for at least 20 seconds or clean your hands with an alcohol-based hand sanitizer that contains 60 to 95% alcohol, covering all surfaces of your hands and rubbing them together until they feel dry. Soap and water should be used preferentially if hands are visibly dirty.
Clean your hands often:
Wash your hands often with soap and water for at least 20 seconds or clean your hands with an alcohol-based hand sanitizer that contains 60 to 95% alcohol, covering all surfaces of your hands and rubbing them together until they feel dry. Soap and water should be used preferentially if hands are visibly dirty. Avoid touching your eyes, nose, and mouth with unwashed hands.
Avoid sharing personal household items:
You should not share dishes, drinking glasses, cups, eating utensils, towels, or bedding with other people or pets in your home. After using these items, they should be washed thoroughly with soap and water.
Clean all “high-touch” surfaces every day
High touch surfaces include counters, tabletops, doorknobs, bathroom fixtures, toilets, phones, keyboards, tablets, and bedside tables. Also, clean any surfaces that may have blood, stool, or body fluids on them. Use a household cleaning spray or wipe, according to the label instructions. Labels contain instructions for safe and effective use of the cleaning product including precautions you should take when applying the product, such as wearing gloves and making sure you have good ventilation during use of the product
If you develop a fever and symptoms of respiratory illness, such as cough or shortness of breath, within 14 days after travel from China, you should call ahead to a healthcare professional and mention your recent travel or close contact. If you have had close contact2 with someone showing these symptoms who has recently traveled from this area, you should call ahead to a healthcare professional and mention your close contact and their recent travel. Your healthcare professional will work with your state’s public health department and CDC to determine if you need to be tested for COVID-19.
Steps to help prevent the spread of COVID-19 if you are sick
If you are sick with COVID-19 or suspect you are infected with the virus that causes COVID-19, follow the steps below to help prevent the disease from spreading to people in your home and community.
Stay home except to get medical care:
You should restrict activities outside your home, except for getting medical care. Do not go to work, school, or public areas. Avoid using public transportation, ride-sharing, or taxis.
Separate yourself from other people and animals in your home:
People: As much as possible, you should stay in a specific room and away from other people in your home. Also, you should use a separate bathroom, if available.
Animals: You should restrict contact with pets and other animals while you are sick with COVID-19, just like you would around other people. Although there have not been reports of pets or other animals becoming sick with COVID-19, it is still recommended that people sick with COVID-19 limit contact with animals until more information is known about the virus. When possible, have another member of your household care for your animals while you are sick. If you are sick with COVID-19, avoid contact with your pet, including petting, snuggling, being kissed or licked, and sharing food. If you must care for your pet or be around animals while you are sick, wash your hands before and after you interact with pets and wear a facemask.
Call ahead before visiting your doctor:
If you have a medical appointment, call the healthcare provider and tell them that you have or may have COVID-19. This will help the healthcare provider’s office take steps to keep other people from getting infected or exposed.
Wear a facemask:
You should wear a facemask when you are around other people (e.g., sharing a room or vehicle) or pets and before you enter a healthcare provider’s office. If you are not able to wear a facemask (for example, because it causes trouble breathing), then people who live with you should not stay in the same room with you, or they should wear a facemask if they enter your room.
Cover your coughs and sneezes:
Cover your mouth and nose with a tissue when you cough or sneeze. Throw used tissues in a lined trash can; immediately wash your hands with soap and water for at least 20 seconds or clean your hands with an alcohol-based hand sanitizer that contains 60 to 95% alcohol, covering all surfaces of your hands and rubbing them together until they feel dry. Soap and water should be used preferentially if hands are visibly dirty.
Clean your hands often:
Wash your hands often with soap and water for at least 20 seconds or clean your hands with an alcohol-based hand sanitizer that contains 60 to 95% alcohol, covering all surfaces of your hands and rubbing them together until they feel dry. Soap and water should be used preferentially if hands are visibly dirty. Avoid touching your eyes, nose, and mouth with unwashed hands.
Avoid sharing personal household items:
You should not share dishes, drinking glasses, cups, eating utensils, towels, or bedding with other people or pets in your home. After using these items, they should be washed thoroughly with soap and water.
Clean all “high-touch” surfaces every day
High touch surfaces include counters, tabletops, doorknobs, bathroom fixtures, toilets, phones, keyboards, tablets, and bedside tables. Also, clean any surfaces that may have blood, stool, or body fluids on them. Use a household cleaning spray or wipe, according to the label instructions. Labels contain instructions for safe and effective use of the cleaning product including precautions you should take when applying the product, such as wearing gloves and making sure you have good ventilation during use of the product
How to prevent Coronavirus (Covid-19) infection in public places?
How to prevent Coronavirus (Covid-19) infection in public places?
During an epidemic outbreak, try to avoid visits to public spaces, especially places with large crowds and poor ventilation like cinemas. Wear a face mask if visits to public spaces are required. Cough or sneeze into tissues completely covering the nose and mouth. Seal used tissues in a plastic bag before discarding immediately in a closed bin labeled “residual waste” or “medical waste” to prevent the virus from spreading. Operators of public spaces should maintain a hygienic indoor environment, ensure regular ventilation and sterilization every day.
During an epidemic outbreak, try to avoid visits to public spaces, especially places with large crowds and poor ventilation like cinemas. Wear a face mask if visits to public spaces are required. Cough or sneeze into tissues completely covering the nose and mouth. Seal used tissues in a plastic bag before discarding immediately in a closed bin labeled “residual waste” or “medical waste” to prevent the virus from spreading. Operators of public spaces should maintain a hygienic indoor environment, ensure regular ventilation and sterilization every day.
How to get mentally prepared during the outbreak of COVID-19?
How to get mentally prepared during the outbreak of COVID-19?
(1) Adjust your attitudes and view COVID-19 from a scientific perspective. During the early days of the outbreak, limited knowledge on the risks and prevention of COVID-19 might cause a sense of anxiety and panic among the public, which was exacerbated by rumors. Have confidence in the authoritative efforts for prevention and control and trust scientific research findings of the disease. Adjust your attitudes, act with caution and stay away from fear.
(2) Acknowledge your anxiety and fear. Faced with an unknown epidemic, few people can stay calm. The increased number of confirmed cases would lead to the assumption that the new virus is present everywhere and is unpreventable, causing anxiety and fear. That is natural. Accept the status and avoid excessive self-blame for feeling such emotions.
(3) Maintain a regular and healthy lifestyle: adequate sleep, a healthy balanced diet of diverse food groups, a regular work routine which may help distract ourselves from the epidemic, and a moderate exercise regimen.
(4) Allow yourself to let off steam when you feel necessary. Occasional laughing, crying, shouting, exercising, singing, speaking, chatting, writing, or drawing can help release anger and anxiety, divert your attention, and calm down effectively. Watching TV or listening to music at home also helps to ease anxiety.
(5) Relax and cope with your emotions. Relaxation techniques can help you release your negative emotions such as tension, depression, and anxiety. There are many ways of relaxation and the key to successful relaxation is to understand the basic principles of the techniques and practice.
• Relaxation through visualization. Maintain a slow, steady and deep breath during the whole process, and feel warm energy flowing through your body with visualization.
• Muscle relaxation. Relax your arms, head, trunk and legs successively. Keep the environment quiet, dim the light and minimize sensory stimuli. A simple five-step relaxation cycle consists of: focusing your attention → tensing your muscles → maintaining the tension → releasing the tension → relaxing your muscles.
• Relaxation through deep breathing: this is the easiest way to relax that can be used in any situation where you feel nervous. Steps: stand up straight, put your shoulders down naturally, slightly close your eyes, and then inhale deeply and exhale slowly. It usually takes just a few minutes to feel relaxed.
(6) Seek professional support. Seek counseling or medical treatment for unresolved tension, anxiety, fear, anger, sleep disorder, physical reactions, etc. On a different note, when a quarantined or suspected patient manifests extreme emotions and behaviors, prevention and control professionals should consider the possible onset of psychiatric disorders, and send the person in case to mental health institutions and personnel. Such extreme emotions and behaviors include: anxiety, depression, delusion, restlessness, uncontrollable and improper speech or actions, or even violent refusal or evasion of quarantine, and suicidal ideation
(1) Adjust your attitudes and view COVID-19 from a scientific perspective. During the early days of the outbreak, limited knowledge on the risks and prevention of COVID-19 might cause a sense of anxiety and panic among the public, which was exacerbated by rumors. Have confidence in the authoritative efforts for prevention and control and trust scientific research findings of the disease. Adjust your attitudes, act with caution and stay away from fear.
(2) Acknowledge your anxiety and fear. Faced with an unknown epidemic, few people can stay calm. The increased number of confirmed cases would lead to the assumption that the new virus is present everywhere and is unpreventable, causing anxiety and fear. That is natural. Accept the status and avoid excessive self-blame for feeling such emotions.
(3) Maintain a regular and healthy lifestyle: adequate sleep, a healthy balanced diet of diverse food groups, a regular work routine which may help distract ourselves from the epidemic, and a moderate exercise regimen.
(4) Allow yourself to let off steam when you feel necessary. Occasional laughing, crying, shouting, exercising, singing, speaking, chatting, writing, or drawing can help release anger and anxiety, divert your attention, and calm down effectively. Watching TV or listening to music at home also helps to ease anxiety.
(5) Relax and cope with your emotions. Relaxation techniques can help you release your negative emotions such as tension, depression, and anxiety. There are many ways of relaxation and the key to successful relaxation is to understand the basic principles of the techniques and practice.
• Relaxation through visualization. Maintain a slow, steady and deep breath during the whole process, and feel warm energy flowing through your body with visualization.
• Muscle relaxation. Relax your arms, head, trunk and legs successively. Keep the environment quiet, dim the light and minimize sensory stimuli. A simple five-step relaxation cycle consists of: focusing your attention → tensing your muscles → maintaining the tension → releasing the tension → relaxing your muscles.
• Relaxation through deep breathing: this is the easiest way to relax that can be used in any situation where you feel nervous. Steps: stand up straight, put your shoulders down naturally, slightly close your eyes, and then inhale deeply and exhale slowly. It usually takes just a few minutes to feel relaxed.
(6) Seek professional support. Seek counseling or medical treatment for unresolved tension, anxiety, fear, anger, sleep disorder, physical reactions, etc. On a different note, when a quarantined or suspected patient manifests extreme emotions and behaviors, prevention and control professionals should consider the possible onset of psychiatric disorders, and send the person in case to mental health institutions and personnel. Such extreme emotions and behaviors include: anxiety, depression, delusion, restlessness, uncontrollable and improper speech or actions, or even violent refusal or evasion of quarantine, and suicidal ideation
What lifestyle is recommended amid the outbreak of COVID-19?
What lifestyle is recommended amid the outbreak of COVID-19?
(1) Eat high-protein foods daily including fish, meat, eggs, milk, legumes, and nuts, keep an adequate intake based on the daily diet. Do not eat wild animal meats.
(2) Eat fresh fruits and vegetables every day, and increase the intake based on the daily diet.
(3) Drink no less than 1500 mL of water per day.
(4) Have a varied, diverse diet of different types, colors, and sources. Eat more than 20 kinds of food every day. Eat a balanced diet of animal- and plant-based foods.
(5) Ensure enough intake of nutrition based on the regular diet.
(6) Undernourished, elderly people and patients with chronic wasting diseases are recommended to supplement with commercial enteral nutrition solutions (foods for special medical purposes), and supplement no less than an extra 2100 kJ daily (500 kcal).
(7) Do not fast or go on a diet during an epidemic of COVID-19.
(8) Ensure regular rest and a minimum of 7 hours of sleep each day.
(9) Start a personal exercise regimen with no less than 1 hour of exercise per day. Do not participate in group exercises.
(10) During an epidemic of COVID-19, it is recommended to supplement with multi-vitamins, minerals, and deep-sea fish oi
(1) Eat high-protein foods daily including fish, meat, eggs, milk, legumes, and nuts, keep an adequate intake based on the daily diet. Do not eat wild animal meats.
(2) Eat fresh fruits and vegetables every day, and increase the intake based on the daily diet.
(3) Drink no less than 1500 mL of water per day.
(4) Have a varied, diverse diet of different types, colors, and sources. Eat more than 20 kinds of food every day. Eat a balanced diet of animal- and plant-based foods.
(5) Ensure enough intake of nutrition based on the regular diet.
(6) Undernourished, elderly people and patients with chronic wasting diseases are recommended to supplement with commercial enteral nutrition solutions (foods for special medical purposes), and supplement no less than an extra 2100 kJ daily (500 kcal).
(7) Do not fast or go on a diet during an epidemic of COVID-19.
(8) Ensure regular rest and a minimum of 7 hours of sleep each day.
(9) Start a personal exercise regimen with no less than 1 hour of exercise per day. Do not participate in group exercises.
(10) During an epidemic of COVID-19, it is recommended to supplement with multi-vitamins, minerals, and deep-sea fish oi
What should I do amid a close contact with a COVID-19 patient?
Monitoring close contacts: All persons (including medical professionals) who may have been in contact with a suspected case should have a 14-day medical observation. The observation starts from the last day of contact with the patient. Seek medical help as soon as you experience any symptoms, especially fever, respiratory symptoms such as coughing, shortness of breath, or diarrhea. During the observation, contacts should keep in touch with medical professionals.
Medical professionals should inform the contacts in advance, if symptoms present, where they can seek medical help, the most suggested transportation, when and where to enter a designated hospital, and what infection control measures to take. Specific instructions are as follows:
(1) Notify the hospital in advance and inform them that contact with symptoms is going to the hospital.
(2) Wear a surgical mask on the way to the hospital.
(3) Avoid taking public transportation to the hospital. Call an ambulance or use a private vehicle, and try to keep the windows open on the road.
(4) Close contacts of patients should maintain respiratory hygiene at all time and wash their hands frequently. Stay far away from other people (> 1 m) while standing or sitting on the road to or at the hospital.
(5) Contacts of patients and their caregivers should wash their hands properly.
(6) Any surfaces contaminated with respiratory secretions or bodily fluids on the way to the hospital should be cleaned and disinfected with ordinary household disinfectants containing diluted bleach.
Medical professionals should inform the contacts in advance, if symptoms present, where they can seek medical help, the most suggested transportation, when and where to enter a designated hospital, and what infection control measures to take. Specific instructions are as follows:
(1) Notify the hospital in advance and inform them that contact with symptoms is going to the hospital.
(2) Wear a surgical mask on the way to the hospital.
(3) Avoid taking public transportation to the hospital. Call an ambulance or use a private vehicle, and try to keep the windows open on the road.
(4) Close contacts of patients should maintain respiratory hygiene at all time and wash their hands frequently. Stay far away from other people (> 1 m) while standing or sitting on the road to or at the hospital.
(5) Contacts of patients and their caregivers should wash their hands properly.
(6) Any surfaces contaminated with respiratory secretions or bodily fluids on the way to the hospital should be cleaned and disinfected with ordinary household disinfectants containing diluted bleach.
What are the key moments for hand hygiene in daily life?
What are the key moments for hand hygiene in daily life to protect from Covid-19?
(1) When you cover a cough or a sneeze with your hand.
(2) After caring for a patient.
(3) Before, during, and after preparing food.
(4) Before eating.
(5) After going to the toilet.
(6) After touching animals.
(7) After touching elevator buttons and door handles or knobs.
(8) After coming home from outside.
(1) When you cover a cough or a sneeze with your hand.
(2) After caring for a patient.
(3) Before, during, and after preparing food.
(4) Before eating.
(5) After going to the toilet.
(6) After touching animals.
(7) After touching elevator buttons and door handles or knobs.
(8) After coming home from outside.
Does handwashing with soap and clean water work against coronaviruses?
Does handwashing with soap and clean water work against coronaviruses?
Yes, it does. Frequent hand washing is one of the effective measures to prevent viral infection such as rhinovirus and coronavirus. Rubbing hands with soap and water can effectively remove dirt and microorganisms on the skin, and rinsing out the soap under running water can also relieve irritation to the skin. Therefore, authoritative organizations such as the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, the World Health Organization, and the United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention all recommend washing hands thoroughly with soap and running water.
How to wash your hands correctly?
Step 1: Apply soap to hands and scrub palm to palm with fingers interlaced.
Step 2: Put one palm on the back of another hand and scrub your fingers. Change hands.
Step 3: Scrub between your fingers.
Step 4: Rub the back of your fingers against your palms. Do the same with the other hand.
Step 5: Scrub your thumb using the other hand. Do the same with the other thumb.
Step 6: Rub the tips of your fingers on the palm of the other hand
Step 7: Rub the wrist of one hand with the other hand while rotating it. Do the same with the other hand.
In each of the above steps, do each step no fewer than 5 times, and finally, rinse your hands under running water.
How to clean hands if clean water is not available?
You can clean your hands with an alcohol-based hand sanitizer. Coronaviruses are not resistant to acid or alkali but are sensitive to organic solvents and disinfectants. 75% alcohol can inactivate the virus, so alcohol-containing disinfection products of an absolute (100%) concentration can be used as an alternative to washing hands with soap and running water
What are the features of masks for different purposes?
Major types of masks: N95/KN95 respirators, surgical face masks, and cotton face masks.
N95/KN95 respirators can filter 95% of particles with an aerodynamic diameter greater than or equal to 0.3 μm, and block viruses. They can help prevent airborne diseases.
Disposable surgical face masks have 3 layers. The outer layer is hydrophobic non-woven layer that prevents droplets from entering the mask; the middle layer has a filter to block 90% of particles with a diameter greater than 5μm; and the inner layer in contact with the nose and mouth absorbs moisture. They are typically for sterile medical operations and be used to prevent airborne diseases.
Cotton face masks are heavy, stuffy, and do not fit closely to the face, and thus not effective against viruses
How to keep yourself away from the novel coronavirus?
How to keep yourself away from the novel coronavirus?
(1) 2019-nCoV is mainly transmitted by droplets and contacts, therefore medical surgical masks must be worn properly.
(2) When sneezing or coughing, do not cover nose and mouth with bare hands but use a tissue or a mask instead.
(3) Wash hands properly and frequently. Even if there are viruses present on hands, washing hands can block the viruses from entering respiratory tract through nose or mouth.
(4) Boost your immunity, and avoid going to crowded and enclosed places. Exercise more and have a regular sleep schedule. Boosting your immunity is the most important way to avoid being infected.
(5) Be sure to wear the mask always! Just in case you come in contact with an infected person, wearing a mask can prevent you from inhaling virus-carrying droplets directly.
Can a mask block such small coronaviruses?
The masks are effective. Because the purpose of wearing the mask is to block the ‘carrier’ by which the virus is transmitted, rather than directly blocking the viruses. Common routes for transmission of respiratory viruses include close contact over a short distance and aerosol transmission over a long distance. Aerosols which people usually come in contact with refer to respiratory droplets from patients. Wearing a mask properly can effectively block respiratory droplets and therefore prevent the virus from directly entering the body.
Please be reminded that it is not necessary to wear a KN95 or N95 respirator. Regular surgical masks can block most virus-carrying droplets from entering the respiratory tract.
(1) 2019-nCoV is mainly transmitted by droplets and contacts, therefore medical surgical masks must be worn properly.
(2) When sneezing or coughing, do not cover nose and mouth with bare hands but use a tissue or a mask instead.
(3) Wash hands properly and frequently. Even if there are viruses present on hands, washing hands can block the viruses from entering respiratory tract through nose or mouth.
(4) Boost your immunity, and avoid going to crowded and enclosed places. Exercise more and have a regular sleep schedule. Boosting your immunity is the most important way to avoid being infected.
(5) Be sure to wear the mask always! Just in case you come in contact with an infected person, wearing a mask can prevent you from inhaling virus-carrying droplets directly.
Can a mask block such small coronaviruses?
The masks are effective. Because the purpose of wearing the mask is to block the ‘carrier’ by which the virus is transmitted, rather than directly blocking the viruses. Common routes for transmission of respiratory viruses include close contact over a short distance and aerosol transmission over a long distance. Aerosols which people usually come in contact with refer to respiratory droplets from patients. Wearing a mask properly can effectively block respiratory droplets and therefore prevent the virus from directly entering the body.
Please be reminded that it is not necessary to wear a KN95 or N95 respirator. Regular surgical masks can block most virus-carrying droplets from entering the respiratory tract.
What are the clinical criteria for quarantine release and discharge?
(1) The condition of the patient is stable and fever has subsided.
(2) Lung imaging shows a significant improvement with no sign of organ dysfunction.
(3) The patient has had stable breathing, clear consciousness, unimpaired speech, normal diet and body temperature for more than 3 days. Respiratory symptoms have improved significantly, and two consecutive tests for respiratory pathogenic nucleic acid have been negative (at least one day in-between tests).
How to treat COVID-19?
How to treat COVID-19?
(1) Put patients to bed rest, provide with supportive care, maintain good hydration and electrolyte balance, internal homeostatis, and closely monitor vital signs and oxygen saturation.
(2) Monitor routine blood and urine test results, C-reactive protein (CRP), biochemical indicators (liver enzyme, myocardial enzyme, renal function, etc.), and coagulation function accordingly. Perform an arterial blood gas analysis when needed, and regularly review chest X-ray images.
(3) According to the changes in oxygen saturation, provide timely effective oxygen therapy, including nasal catheter, oxygen mask, transnasal high-flow oxygen therapy, and noninvasive or invasive mechanical ventilation, etc.
(4) Antiviral therapy: There are currently no antiviral drugs with good efficacy.
(5) Apply antibacterial drug treatment: strengthen bacteriological monitoring, and start antibacterial treatment when there is evidence of secondary bacterial infect
How to choose a medical institution for treatment?
Isolation and treatment should be performed in a hospital with proper conditions for isolation and protection. Critical cases should be admitted to an ICU as soon as possible.
Are there any drugs or vaccines against COVID-19?
At present, there are no specific antiviral treatments against COVID-19. Patients generally receive supportive care to relieve symptoms. Avoid irresponsible or inappropriate antimicrobial treatment, especially in combination with broad-spectrum antimicrobials.
There is currently no vaccine against the new disease. Developing a new vaccine may take a whil
What should I do if I am possibly infected with COVID-19?
What should I do if I am possibly infected with COVID-19?
Promptly go to the local designated medical institution for evaluation, diagnosis and treatment. When a seeking medical attention for a possible infection of 2019-nCoV, you should inform your doctor about your recent travel and residence history, especially if you’ve been to the epidemic areas recently, and any history of contact with pneumonia patients or suspected 2019-nCoV cases, and animals. It is extra important to note that surgical masks should be worn throughout the visit to protect yourself and others
Promptly go to the local designated medical institution for evaluation, diagnosis and treatment. When a seeking medical attention for a possible infection of 2019-nCoV, you should inform your doctor about your recent travel and residence history, especially if you’ve been to the epidemic areas recently, and any history of contact with pneumonia patients or suspected 2019-nCoV cases, and animals. It is extra important to note that surgical masks should be worn throughout the visit to protect yourself and others
What is the difference between COVID-19 and other pneumonia?
(1) Bacterial pneumonia. Common symptoms include coughing, coughing up sputum, or exacerbation of the original respiratory symptoms, with purulent or bloody sputum, with or without chest pain. It is generally not considered a contagious disease.
(2) SARS/MERS. Although the novel coronavirus is in the same family as SARS and MERS coronaviruses, a genetic evolution analysis shows that it belongs to a different branch of the same subgroup. It is neither a SARS nor a MERS virus, based on the viral genomic sequences. Due to the similarities between COVID-19-and SARS/MERS-caused pneumonia, it is challenging to distinguish them with clinical manifestations and imaging results. Therefore, a pathogen identification test by rRT-PCR is needed.
(3) Other viral pneumonia. Pneumonia caused by influenza virus, rhinovirus, adenovirus, human metapneumovirus, respiratory syncytial virus and other coronaviruses.
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